Seamless wifi. Seamless WiFi network

What is seamless roaming in wifi networks?

Seamless roaming is when access points on your network are controlled by a special controller wireless network. The controller in a seamless network can be either one of the routers or access points, or a separate device that monitors the general state of the airwaves, the load on each of the wireless access points and the signal level between clients and APs. If the signal between the client and the access point deteriorates, the controller “forcibly transfers” the client to a more suitable AP. The fact is that in a regular network, a client (phone, laptop, tablet) will “cling” to the AP’s MAC address (WLAN interface address) until the last minute, and not to its SSID (name), which leads to negative consequences when moving around the building. The controller will continuously monitor the load on access points and the quality of the signal between the base station and the client hundreds of times per second. In such networks, when moving from one end of the room to the other, the access point that is closest and not loaded will work. It is very useful for business and shopping centers, large stores, government agencies, hospitals and educational institutions. Load balancing technology will be necessary when there are large crowds in places such as conference rooms or recreational parks.

Do you need a cost-effective solution with automatic client switching for your home for 150 bucks?

In 2020, affordable Mesh network kits are appearing, which are no longer a shame to install and be confident in the results obtained. It’s a pity that we are talking about several manufacturers, but there is still light at the end of the tunnel. The budget niche contains:

Asus, TP-Link, Tenda, Ubiqiuty, Mikrotik, Zyxel and Xiaomi. Almost each of these manufacturers has several types of access points for the street and home, for walls or ceilings, for a separate wifi network controller, or the controller is one of the access points.

And now specifically and with numbers. Let's go.

Seamless Wi-Fi systems from Asus.

The simplest wireless network option without controller, but automatic selection best point access may consist of several of the most common ASUS routers. Models suitable for these purposes: RT-N11P, RT-N66U, RT-AC55U, RT-AC66U and newer "P" series routers. They must be connected to each other by wire - twisted pair cable of category 5e and higher, as shown in the picture below. On these models there is only the option to configure Roaming Assist, which is the only way on this type of device. The following will happen: if the signal level is low, after a certain time the router will disconnect it from the network and the client will reconnect to the point with the best signal. You need to understand that this type of wireless network setup is not seamless, but rather voluntary-forced, with a short-term but complete loss of connection. If installed correctly, it will allow you to save a lot of money compared to even the most simple networks with an access point controller, but in practice this works with difficulties for the user, especially when he is in an area of ​​​​uncertain reception from both points, which in turn can begin to “football” our poor user and the Internet will not work properly for him. Please remember this. Routers RT-AC68U and older already have a proto-version of Mesh networks from such access points, but I don’t like the price relative to the result obtained; it’s better to take Lira access points designed for this purpose. They will be discussed below.

Now let's look at the best option: MESH networks from Asus. This set is called Lyra and let's see what it can give us, and it can give us much more than our OGVs, just kidding, it can give us 350 - 450 megabits over the entire area and you can move anywhere without interruptions.

Your goal is to make quality wireless wifi network with roaming?

For our clients, we have professional solutions for wifi networks with the highest possible characteristics in terms of reliability, speed and level of security. In such cases, the network consists of a number of access points connected to each other by twisted pair cables through switches and an access point controller. In function wi-fi controller network includes:

• monitoring the load on each individual access point and its distribution.
• monitoring the quality and strength of the signal between the access point and the client.
• centralized management of all access points in the network.
• ensuring instant client switching from one access point to another, without losing the Internet connection.

Such a network can be scalable and gradually expand.

For a hotel, large office, or cottage villages, one access point, even the most productive and long-range one, is not enough. Distribution of access points gives much better results and is scalable. The figure above clearly shows the coverage area of ​​seven access points and one controller configured to operate in seamless roaming mode.

If your goal is to ensure that when moving from one access point to another, the connection to the Internet is not lost, then we can help you with finding and purchasing equipment for a wifi network with roaming.

To organize a fast and busy wireless network in an entire building, the functionality of conventional wifi routers is not enough due to the fact that the decision to “fall off” from the access point is made by the end device itself and the router will not help here. It turns out that the same smartphone or tablet will cling to the access point until the last moment, taking into account the fact that in the list of networks known to it there will be an access point with a hundred percent signal.

There are two good ways make a grid like this and a lot of bad ones :) Let's look at the good ones, but I wouldn't recommend messing with the bad ones.

1) WiFi network with a certain number of access points connected to each other by a switch and controlled by a special wireless access point controller in local network. This option is the most reliable, unpretentious and, of course, expensive. A network of this type, using Zyxel equipment as an example, will cost around $2000-3000 for an area of ​​10,000 m 2 (100x100 m). For country houses, seamless roaming will be cheaper; $1000-1500 for a large house and garden plot. Such networks are able to withstand heavy loads and distribute users evenly across access points depending on the load on each of them. Such networks are easy to administer and are well suited for commercial real estate, hotels, restaurants, park areas and similar public places.

2) A well-proven method is to use the Roaming assist function. This method is the most budget-friendly. With four ASUS RT-AC66U routers, you can get the equivalent of seamless wifi roaming and wireless network speeds throughout your home and local area of ​​300-500 megabits per second using the 802.11ac standard. with automatic switching between access points. In both cases, wifi routers are connected to each other by wire.

Budget and professional solutions in our store with installation and configuration.

In the corporate environment, WiFi is becoming increasingly prominent and plays an increasingly important role. You can connect your smartphone or tablet to WiFi, but what is much more important is corporate phone, a mobile data collection terminal or an online cash register for accepting payments and printing receipts. It’s good if the WiFi network coverage area your business needs is small, and you can get by with an ordinary inexpensive access point, but what if wireless communication need to cover thousands of square meters over several floors? There are certainly options.

Firstly, you can “produce” many WiFi networks on many autonomous access points. The bad option is that such a farm is difficult and inconvenient to manage, when moving around the enterprise territory, some mobile devices you will have to switch between these networks manually, and, most importantly, all this will have to be explained to users who do not always understand IT well and are simply unable to absorb these intricacies. This solution has only one advantage: it is cheap.

Secondly, Can broadcast one WiFi network using the same type of autonomous access points supporting WDS technology. The main disadvantage of this solution is that the vast, absolute and unconditional majority of more or less affordable (up to 300 USD) access points from popular vendors work poorly in WDS mode. Broadcasting may disappear and be restored, connectivity between the main and dependent access points will be disrupted, and mobile devices will lose communication and, along with it, their functional characteristics. So it’s better to leave this option for real samurai.

The ideologically and technologically correct option is to use a controller and dependent access points. This option is called “seamless WiFi”.

• Its essence is that there can be many access points, and they are managed and broadcast by one centralized controller device. Controller:
• monitors the status of slave access points and the load on them;
• regulates signal strength and bandwidth depending on the number of clients and the nature of their work;
• independently restores areas unserved due to equipment failures by increasing the coverage area from nearby access points; provides web authentication and dynamic Accounts
• provides fast roaming, with which you can freely move, for example, with a WiFi phone between the coverage areas of different access points, without interrupting the conversation or experiencing any interruptions in communication. At the same time, the controller promptly sends a signal to your device from the closest access point.

Modern controllers allow you to connect access points via WiFi in repeater mode (the so-called Mesh technology) without a cable connection to the network, and also provide integration with related IT systems (for example, Active Directory, geolocation services, etc.).

How to build seamless Wi-Fi

Our catalog of solutions has already carefully selected and described options for household, corporate and industry WiFi solutions: . And if you go “to the top”, then the most successful options seamless Wi-Fi The following vendors are represented on the market:

2. Another American manufacturer reigns in the middle-end segment - . Relatively inexpensive, Cambium is also reliable and performs well.

Similar to Ruckus Unleashed, Cambium can also operate in controller-less network management mode. Cambium calls this ecosystem autoPilot, which supports up to 32 access points in the network and up to 1000 wireless clients. Functionally, it is almost as good as the version with a controller, and also does not require any investment,

in addition to purchasing the access points themselves, there is no need to buy licenses, service contracts and their updates. Do you need faster, higher, stronger? Please! Free cloud The cnMaestro controller already supports up to 4,000 access points and up to 25,000 wireless clients.

The software can be installed completely free of charge on your own server if your beliefs do not allow you to use cloud solutions. Cambium’s functionality is also fine: here you have centralized ecosystem management, geolocation services, analytics, radio broadcast analysis, integration with related systems... in general, everything your heart desires. The disadvantage of Cambium can be considered its relatively poor line of access points: . Although everything you need is present in it: There are access points with sector antennas, supporting 802.11ac Wave 2, MU-MIMO 4x4:4, outdoor and indoor.

In general, a complete gentleman's set is at your service! 3. In the budget segment, the competition is much higher, but we highlight TP-LINK among other daring Chinese.

First, let's look at the TP-LINK label itself: actually, there are two of them. There is TP-LINK, which makes cheap home routers and plastic switches, and there is TP-LINK, which makes Enterprise line products - WiFi systems, Smart series switches, accessories for them. These are, in fact, 2 different companies, because... there are no intersection points between these two directions neither in the field of scientific development, nor in production lines. And, for the sake of objectivity, Enterprise TP-LINK is of significantly higher quality than its younger brother, specializing in products for SOHO.

Now to WiFi. TP-LINK has a line of Auranet CAP- currently in some kind of oblivion (but this is temporary). The solution ceiling is 500 access points, 10,000 wireless clients. Controllers are hardware only, for 50 or 500 access points. Access points - in a rather old, "clumsy" design, but with support for fair, seamless roaming in accordance with 802.11k/v standards, Beamforming, Band Steering, Airtime Fairness - in general, the set is completely complete. High Density cannot be provided on TP-LINK, of course, but we have already served events with 200-300 users in one room, and this has not caused any complaints from customers.

TP-LINK's second ecosystem is called Omada, it features EAP series access points. The controller - Omada Controller - is available in hardware version (with a limit of 50 access points in the 1st network), but there is also a software version that can be installed on a server under Windows control or Linux. EAP access points look modern, and, of course, they can do everything that a self-respecting access point needs to be able to do in 2019.

4. Our next patient is Ubiquiti UniFi series. This is when you want something beautiful and cheap. Moreover, it will always be “beautiful” with Ubiquiti, because... For them, everything is subordinated to design: from packaging to the design of control interfaces. And the design is truly perhaps the best in the industry. In general, Ubiquiti products are characterized by an extremely low price with a fairly high quality of the product as a whole.

The main disadvantage of Ubiquiti is that it still does not support truly seamless WiFi roaming in accordance with IEEE standards, offering a proprietary implementation instead. Which works, well, let's say, so-so. Therefore, if you need to organize flawless operation of roaming WiFi clients with voice or video applications, then Ubiquiti, sadly, is no longer suitable for you. The same goes for High Density - this is not about Ubiquiti.

In general, Ubiquiti is far from ideal in the radio part, but thanks to a powerful component base, a very wide range of equipment and the right marketing policy, they are still one of the most popular manufacturers of WiFi solutions. In Russia, Ubiquiti has two more significant shortcomings: the lack of official service and representation. The first means that the guarantee on the territory of the Russian Federation works a little better than not at all, and the second means that you will have neither technical support nor certificates for equipment (which closes its way to state enterprises and telecom operators). Ubiquiti's advantage is in their UniFi ecosystem, which now includes not only WiFi equipment, but also switches, routers, video surveillance, telephony, and more recently even some smart home components. Moreover, management of this entire economy is available through very beautiful and

convenient applications(including mobile), integrating with the Ubiquiti cloud, i.e. You can “steer” the UniFi ecosystem from anywhere on the planet, and this without any dances with port forwarding, static IP addresses and other leapfrogs.

Overall, it's really convenient. 5. Mikrotik, Edimax, Wisnetworks, TG-NET, etc. We are adding the 5th item in this list only because the number 5 is more beautiful than 4. Or it has a better reputation. Objectively, the vendors listed here do not yet even reach the level of Ubiquiti (they may not be worse, but in terms of the totality of factors of their market perception, they are still not so significant), but they still occupy some niche in the market and enjoy some popularity. Let us boldly boast: we have accumulated extensive experience in deploying large Wi-Fi networks , we managed to “touch” a wide variety of solutions from most specialized vendors, and we know them strengths

and pitfalls. We are ready to apply our experience for design and installation information technologies, and recently especially WiFi networks. Wireless communication becomes an excellent assistant when you need to connect a smartphone or tablet, a manager’s corporate phone, a data collection terminal for a warehouse employee, or, for example, a device for accepting payments in a restaurant hall to the Internet. If the territory of your office or enterprise is small, and the load in terms of the number of connected devices does not exceed one dozen - everything is extremely simple, you need to install and configure WiFi router.

But what to do if you need to cover with wireless communications the entire building of a multi-storey hotel, a factory workshop, several halls of a large restaurant, a large office or, for example, a recreation area covering an area of ​​several hectares?

What ways are there to solve this problem?

The company website offers the most advanced solution for large corporate and private WiFi networks - Seamless WiFi

How it works?

What is the controller used for:

• constant monitoring of the status of access points, the load on them;
• controls signal strength and bandwidth depending on the number of clients and the nature of their work;
• regulates signal strength and bandwidth depending on the number of clients and the nature of their work;
• provides web authentication and dynamic accounts for the implementation of the so-called. “guest access” (for some controllers options are available such as printers for generating and printing temporary user credentials);
• provides continuous WiFi signal, with which you can freely move, for example, with a WiFi phone between the coverage areas of different access points, without interrupting the conversation or observing any interruptions in communication. At the same time, the controller promptly sends a signal to your device from the closest access point.

• provide Internet access to the end client (for example mobile phone or tablet)
• under the control of the controller, the peak load is removed from one point to another

Convenient and beautiful graphical interface

Radio frequency map. Monitor and analyze the surrounding radio environment.

The dashboard gives you a clear picture of the status of your network and displays basic information about each segment.


Great functionality of settings. You can select WiFi channels, frequency spectrum and transmitter power, etc.

From us you can purchase two types of equipment kits for creating seamless WiFi networks

These kits are presented on Ubiquity equipment and are fully compatible with Mikrotik brand routers and switches. It acts as a controller, which, firstly, is convenient in terms of management, and secondly, it removes the load from the main router and is fully responsible for the wireless network at the site. The number of access points is programmatically limited to 20. Wireless points of the Ubiquity Unifi AP series are presented in two versions - for indoor placement - indoors and outdoors. The recommended number of users is up to 50 clients per 1 access point. Depending on the scale of the task, we offer the following options for sale:

Seamless wifi roaming is the effective integration of several access points to a wireless Internet network into a continuous system under the control of their broadcasting by one central controller device. Properly installed and configured equipment allows you to use global network on any area on a permanent basis without partial or complete signal interruption. Depending on your goals, the UmkaPro company is always ready to design, purchase the necessary technical equipment, install and configure seamless Wi-Fi at any facility in Moscow.

The working principle of seamless WIFI

To cover a large area with access to a wireless Internet network, you can install a large number of autonomous points. However, in this option you will have to constantly switch while moving around the territory. This is not at all practical and inconvenient. It is to create a single network in which the signal is not lost when switching between access points, and seamless wifi roaming was developed.

The essence of its work is the simultaneous functioning of several access points. At the same time, their broadcasting is controlled by one controller, which:

• monitors the load on each access point;
• adjusts the signal and bandwidth, depending on the number of users;
• guarantees high-speed roaming, through which you can freely move around the territory without interruption of data transmission. The controller constantly directs exactly to specific device signal from those access points that are closest.

What is seamless wifi based on?

Years of work in this direction allow us to highlight the following types of equipment, which are the most successful modern option for equipping private homes, offices, shopping malls and other types of objects:

1. Seamless wifi roaming Mikrotik CAPsMAN is a very reliable and relatively inexpensive equipment option that can cope with almost any task.
2. Seamless wifi roaming Ubiquiti UniFi is the most universal, uninterrupted solution that provides a constant level of communication in any area.
3. Seamless wifi roaming Zyxel is a more expensive version of the equipment, which, in addition to the standard controller, is also represented by special access points with controller functions.

Regardless of the size of the facility being equipped, our company’s specialists are always ready to qualitatively design and install Ubiquiti, Zyxel or Mikrotik wifi roaming. Years of work in this area allow us to guarantee impeccable quality and efficiency of the installed system.

We understand roaming technologies (Handover, Band steering, IEEE 802.11k, r, v) and conduct a couple of visual experiments demonstrating their work in practice.

Introduction

Wireless networks of the IEEE 802.11 standards group are developing extremely quickly today, new technologies, new approaches and implementations are appearing. However, as the number of standards grows, they become increasingly difficult to understand. Today we will try to describe several of the most common technologies that are classified as roaming (procedure reconnection to a wireless network), and also see how seamless roaming works in practice.

Handover or "client migration"

Once connected to a wireless network, the client device (be it a smartphone with Wi-Fi, a tablet, a laptop or a PC equipped with a wireless card) will support wireless connection if the signal parameters remain at an acceptable level. However, when the client device moves, the signal from the access point with which the connection was originally established may weaken, which will sooner or later lead to a complete inability to transmit data. Having lost connection with the access point, the client equipment will select a new access point (of course, if it is within reach) and connect to it. This process is called handover. Formally, handover is a migration procedure between access points, initiated and performed by the client himself (hand over - “transfer, give, concede”). In this case, the SSIDs of the old and new points do not even have to match. Moreover, the client may be on a completely different IP subnet.

To minimize the time spent reconnecting a subscriber to media services, it is necessary to make changes both to the underlying wired infrastructure (make sure that the client's external and internal IP addresses do not change) and to the handover procedure described below.

Handover between access points:

1. Determine a list of potential candidates (access points) for switching.
2. Set the CAC status (Call Admission Control - call availability control, that is, essentially, the degree of device load) of the new access point.
3. Determine the moment to switch.
4. Switch to new access point:

In IEEE 802.11 wireless networks, all handover decisions are made by the client side.

Source: frankandernest.com

Band steering

Band steering technology allows the wireless network infrastructure to move a client from one frequency range to another, usually by forcing the client from the 2.4 GHz band to the 5 GHz band. Although band steering is not directly related to roaming, we decided to mention it here anyway since it is related to client device switching and is supported by all of our dual-band access points.

In what case might it be necessary to switch a client to another frequency range? For example, such a need may be associated with transferring a client from the congested 2.4 GHz band to the freer and higher-speed 5 GHz. But there are other reasons.

It is worth noting that on this moment There is no standard that strictly regulates the operation of the described technology, so each manufacturer implements it in its own way. However, the general idea remains roughly the same: access points do not advertise an SSID in the 2.4 GHz band to a client performing an active scan if that client has been observed to be active on the 5 GHz band for some time. That is, access points, in fact, can simply remain silent about the presence of support for the 2.4 GHz band, if it was possible to establish that the client supports the 5 GHz frequency.

There are several operating modes of band steering:

1. Forced connection. In this mode, the client is, in principle, not informed about the presence of support for the 2.4 GHz band, of course, if the client has support for the 5 GHz frequency.
2. Preferred connection. The client is forced to connect to the 5 GHz band only if the RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator) is above a certain threshold, otherwise the client is allowed to connect to the 2.4 GHz band.
3. Load balancing. Some clients that support both frequency bands connect to the 2.4 GHz network, and some connect to the 5 GHz network. This mode will prevent overloading the 5 GHz band if all wireless clients support both frequency bands.

Of course, clients with support for only one frequency range will be able to connect to it without problems.

In the diagram below we tried to graphically depict the essence of band steering technology.

Technologies and standards

Let us now return to the process of switching between access points. In a standard situation, the client will maintain the existing association with the access point for as long as possible (as possible). Exactly as long as the signal level allows it. As soon as the situation arises that the client can no longer support the old association, the switchover procedure described earlier will begin. However, handover does not happen instantly; it usually takes more than 100 ms to complete, and this is already a noticeable amount. There are several IEEE 802.11 working group radio resource management standards aimed at improving wireless network reconnection time: k, r, and v. In our Auranet line, 802.11k support is implemented on the CAP1200 access point, and in the Omada line, 802.11k and 802.11v protocols are implemented on the EAP225 and EAP225-Outdoor access points.

802.11k

This standard allows a wireless network to report to client devices a list of neighboring access points and the channel numbers on which they operate. The generated list of neighboring points allows you to speed up the search for candidates for switching. If the current access point's signal weakens (for example, the client is removed), the device will search for nearby access points from this list.

802.11r

Version r of the standard defines the FT - Fast Transition (Fast Basic Service Set Transition) function, which allows you to speed up the client authentication procedure. FT can be used when switching a wireless client from one access point to another within the same network. Both authentication methods can be supported: PSK (Preshared Key) and IEEE 802.1X. Acceleration is achieved by storing encryption keys on all access points, that is, the client does not need to go through the full authentication procedure using a remote server when roaming.

802.11v

This standard (Wireless Network Management) allows wireless clients to exchange service data to improve the overall performance of a wireless network. One of the most used options is BTM (BSS Transition Management).
Typically, a wireless client measures its connection to an access point to make roaming decisions. This means that the client has no information about what is happening with the access point itself: the number of connected clients, device loading, scheduled reboots, etc. Using BTM, the access point can send a request to the client to switch to another point with better operating conditions , even with a slightly worse signal. Thus, the 802.11v standard is not directly aimed at speeding up the switching process of a client wireless device, but in combination with 802.11k and 802.11r it provides faster program performance and improves the convenience of working with wireless Wi-Fi networks.

IEEE 802.11k in detail

The standard extends RRM (Radio Resource Management) capabilities and allows 11k-capable wireless clients to request a list of neighboring access points that are potential handover candidates from the network. The access point informs clients about 802.11k support using a special flag in the Beacon. The request is sent in the form of a management frame called an action frame. The access point also responds with an action frame containing a list of neighboring points and their wireless channel numbers. The list itself is not stored on the controller, but is generated automatically upon request. It is also worth noting that this list depends on the client’s location and does not contain all possible wireless network access points, but only neighboring ones. That is, two wireless clients located geographically in different places, will receive different lists of neighboring devices.

With such a list, the client device does not need to scan (actively or passively) all wireless channels in the 2.4 and 5 GHz bands, which reduces the use of wireless channels, that is, freeing up additional bandwidth. Thus, 802.11k allows you to reduce the time spent by the client on switching, as well as improve the process of selecting an access point to connect to. In addition, eliminating the need for additional scans helps extend the battery life of the wireless client. It is worth noting that access points operating in two bands can provide the client with information about points from an adjacent frequency range.

We decided to clearly demonstrate the operation of IEEE 802.11k in our wireless equipment, for which we used an AC50 controller and CAP1200 access points. One of the popular instant messengers supporting voice calls, running on Apple smartphone iPhone 8+, which obviously supports 802.11k. The voice traffic profile is presented below.

As can be seen from the diagram, the codec used generates one voice packet every 10 ms. Noticeable spikes and dips in the graph are explained by the slight variation in delay (jitter), which is always present in wireless networks on Wi-Fi base. We configured traffic mirroring on , to which both access points participating in the experiment are connected. Frames from one access point ended up in one network card traffic collection systems, frames from the second to the second. In the resulting dumps, only voice traffic was selected. The switching delay can be considered the time interval that has passed since the loss of traffic after one network interface, and until it appears on the second interface. Of course, the measurement accuracy cannot exceed 10 ms, which is due to the structure of the traffic itself.

So, without enabling 802.11k support, wireless client switching occurred on average within 120 ms, while activating 802.11k reduced this delay to 100 ms. Of course, we understand that although switching latency has been reduced by 20%, it is still high. Further reduction in latency will be possible by using 11k, 11r and 11v standards together, as is already implemented in the home series wireless equipment.

However, 802.11k has another trick up its sleeve: timing of the switch. This feature is not so obvious, so we would like to mention it separately, demonstrating its operation in real conditions. Typically, the wireless client waits until the last minute, maintaining the existing association with the access point. And only when the characteristics of the wireless channel become completely bad does the switching procedure to a new access point start. Using 802.11k, you can help the client with switching, that is, offer to do it earlier, without waiting for significant signal degradation (of course, we are talking about a mobile client). Our next experiment is devoted to the moment of switching.

Qualitative experiment

Let's move from a sterile laboratory to a real customer site. Two 10 dBm (10 mW) access points, a wireless controller, and the necessary supporting wired infrastructure were installed in the room. A diagram of the premises and installation locations of access points are presented below.

A wireless client moved around the room making a video call. First, we disabled 802.11k support in the controller and set the locations where switching occurred. As can be seen from the picture below, this happened at a considerable distance from the “old” access point, near the “new” one; in these places the signal became very weak, and the speed was barely enough to transmit video content. There were noticeable lags in voice and video when switching.

We then enabled 802.11k support and repeated the experiment. Now the switching occurred earlier, in places where the signal from the “old” access point was still strong enough. There were no lags in the voice or video recorded. The switching point has now moved approximately to the middle between access points.

In this experiment, we did not set ourselves the goal of finding out any numerical characteristics of switching, but only qualitatively demonstrating the essence of the observed differences.

Conclusion

All the described standards and technologies are designed to improve the client’s experience of using wireless networks, make his work more comfortable, reduce the influence of irritating factors, and increase the overall performance of the wireless infrastructure. We hope that we were able to clearly demonstrate the benefits that users will receive after implementing these options in wireless networks.

Is it possible to live in an office without roaming in 2018? In our opinion, this is quite possible. But, having once tried to move between offices and floors without losing the connection, without having to re-establish a voice or video call, without being forced to repeat what was said or ask again, it will be impossible to give up.

P.S. but this is how you can create seamlessness not in the office, but at home, which we will talk about in more detail in another article.