Copy and move
- 1 way. Place two windows on the desktop: a copy source and a copy destination. Select the required icons in the source window. Several icons are highlighted when the Ctrl key is pressed. Drag the selected icons into the destination window with the mouse, pointing at any of the selected icons. When the Ctrl key is pressed simultaneously, copying occurs; without it, elements are moved (provided that the folders are on the same disk). excel print file archiving
- Method 2. Select the elements to be copied. Select the Edit/Copy (Cut) menu. Selecting "Cut" will cause movement. Open the destination folder. Select the Edit / Paste menu.
Deleting files and folders
Deleting files is done by selecting elements and pressing the Delete key. In this case, the marked items are moved to a special folder - Trash. Emptying the Recycle Bin destroys files. There is also an operation for erasing files, when special utilities fill the clusters that contained the erased files with random data.
Group operations with files
If you need to perform a copy or delete operation on a large number of files at the same time, then selecting them while holding Ctrl is not very convenient. You can select a whole group of consecutive icons by clicking on the first one and, while holding down the Shift key, on the last one. However, in this case, you need to arrange the icons in a certain way. To do this, open the folder with the files and go to the View/Arrange Icons menu. There are 4 ways to organize icons in a folder: by name, by type, by size, by date. For example, you need to copy all files with the extension .txt. In this case, you should organize the icons by type, after which all files of type .txt will be grouped together and use the Shift key to select them. A similar technique is used to select “old” files (ordered by date), “small” files (ordered by size) and in other standard situations.
If the window does not show full information about files (extension, volume and date of creation), you should go to the window menu of the View / Table folder and all the characteristics of the files will be displayed in the window.
Renaming files and folders.
Renaming a file or folder is performed either through the Rename menu, called up by right-clicking on the corresponding icon, or by clicking on the name of the selected icon.
Comment. Deleting or renaming is not possible if the specified file is already open by an application.
Archiving is the recoding of data in order to reduce its volume. Data compression is a procedure for recoding data performed in order to reduce its volume. Used for more rational use of data storage and transmission devices.
Compression can be lossless (when it is possible to restore the original data without distortion) or lossy (recovery is possible with distortions that are barely noticeable to the human eye or ear). Lossless compression is commonly used in processing computer programs and data, less often - to reduce the volume of audio, photo and video information. Lossy compression is used to reduce the volume of audio, photo and video information; it is much more effective than lossless compression. Compression is based on eliminating redundant information contained in the source data. An example of redundancy is the repetition of fragments (for example, words of natural or machine language) in the text. Such redundancy is usually eliminated by replacing the repeated sequence with a shorter value (code). Another type of redundancy is due to the fact that some values in the compressed data occur more often than others, and it is possible to replace frequently occurring data with more short codes, and rare ones - longer (probabilistic compression). Compression of data that does not have the property of redundancy (for example, a random signal or noise) is impossible without loss. Also, it is usually not possible to compress encrypted information.
When storing data, two problems are solved: how to store data in the most compact form and how to provide convenient and convenient access to it. quick access(if access is not provided, then this is not storage). To ensure access, the data must have an ordered structure. This generates address data. Without them, it is impossible to access the necessary data elements included in the structure.
Since address data also has a size and must also be stored, storing data in small units such as bytes is inconvenient. They are also inconvenient to store in larger units (kilobytes, megabytes, etc.), since partially filling one storage unit leads to storage inefficiency.
The unit of data storage is a variable-length object called a file.
A file is a sequence of an arbitrary number of bytes with a unique name of its own.
Usually in separate file store data belonging to the same type. In this case, the data type determines the file type.
Since there is no size limit in the definition of a file, you can imagine a file having 0 bytes (an empty file) and a file having any number of bytes.
When defining a file, special attention is paid to the name. It actually carries address data, without which the data stored in the file will not become information due to the lack of a method to access it. In addition to addressing-related functions, a file name can also store information about the type of data contained in it. This is important for automatic data manipulation tools because, based on the file name, they can automatically determine the appropriate method for extracting information from the file.
The file name consists of two parts: the actual name and the file extension.
The actual file name can consist of letters of the Russian and English alphabets, numbers and special characters. However, its length should not exceed 256 characters.
Depending on the extension, all files are divided into two large groups: executable and non-executable.
Executable files are those files that can be executed independently, i.e. do not require any special programs to launch them. They have the following extensions:
- - exe - file ready for execution (tetris.exe; winword.exe);
- - com - operating system file (command.com);
- - sys - operating system file (Io.sys);
- - bat - batch file operating system MS-DOS (autoexec.bat).
Non-executable files require the installation of special programs to run. So, for example, in order to view a text document, you need to have some kind of text editor. By the extension of a non-executable file you can judge the type of data stored in this file. You can combine several files into one using the cat(1) utility, short for "concatenate". This utility was originally designed to combine multiple text files into one, but can be used for other purposes.
To combine two or more files into one, you simply list the files after the cat command and redirect the output to new file. The cat utility works on standard input and output, so you must use shell characters for redirection. For example: $ cat file1 file2 file3 > bigfile
This command will take the contents of files file1, file2 and file3 and merge them into a bigfile.
The cat utility is also used to view the contents of files. Many users use cat to view text files, specifying the filename, and then pass the output through more or less:
$ cat file1 | more
cat is also often used to copy files. Any file can be copied by running:
$ cat /bin/bash > ~/mybash
The /bin/bash file will be copied to your home directory under the name mybash.
The examples discussed here are just a few possible options applications cat. Because cat provides extensive control over standard input and output, it is ideal for scripting and for use as part of more complex commands.
Target laboratory work
Studying the basic operations of working with objects of the Windows XP operating system (creating, moving, copying, deleting) files, folders, shortcuts.
software products
Equipment
Materials: handouts.
Software products : operating system Windows XP.
Work order
1. Set up “My Computer”:
Drive C: open a separate window for each folder,
Objects: in the form of a table;
Sort by name;
Show all files;
Display file extensions and full path in title.
2. In the MY DOCUMENTS folder, create a GROUP folder, in the GROUP folder, create the NEW, TEST and TEST folders.
3. In the TEST folder, create shortcuts for the “My Computer”, “Trash” programs and the FILES folder.
4. Copy 15 files no larger than 30 KB into the FILES folder, of which: 5 with the extension *.txt, 5 with the extension *.bmp, 5 with the extension *.doc.
5. Copy the 4 newest files to the TEST folder from the FILES folder.
6. Move the 2 largest files to the NEW folder from the FILES folder.
7. In the TEST folder using NOTEBAD create 3 text file, assign them attributes: 2 – read-only, 1 – hidden.
8. In the NEW folder, delete and restore 1 file.
9. Move the TEST and NEW folders to the TEST folder.
10. Set the “BASKET” volume to 1%.
11. Find files created in the past month that contain the word MICROSOFT in the text.
12. Delete created objects.
Report form
Order of protection
LABORATORY WORK No. 2
Topic: “Windows XP operating system.
Utilities, working with the clipboard"
Purpose of laboratory work
Studying the basic operations of working with utilities of the Windows XP operating system (text editors, graphic editor, data exchange between applications via the clipboard).
Equipment, materials used,
software products
Equipment: multimedia complex, personal computers.
Materials: handouts.
Software products: Windows XP operating system, utility Windows programs XP.
Work order
1. Create a document: drawing and header in PAINT, text in Wordpad (use tabulation when creating text).
2. Insert a picture into the text via the clipboard.
Report
Sales of system units
No. Name Date Price, $
1 Samsung 01.03 204
2 X-Ring 02.05 250
3 Lizard 05.07 215
4 Sony 06.09 305
5 Phillips 07.11 202
Director Ivanov I.I.
Chief accountant Petrov P.P.
– sin 54 o 25";
– ((18+9)/14,5*5)*8+15=;
– average value of numbers: 15; 18; 25.9; 134.8; 18.4; 125.1.
Report form
The results of laboratory work are compiled electronically in accordance with the assignment.
Order of protection
Defense of the results of laboratory work is carried out orally and in writing (calculation results) with the subsequent issuance of a set number of points in the point-rating assessment system.
LABORATORY WORK No. 3
Topic: "Structure Word windows 2007. Formatting Basics
And editing text document»
Purpose of laboratory work
Studying the basic elements of the Word 2007 interface, as well as techniques for formatting and editing a text document.
Equipment, materials used,
software products
Equipment: multimedia complex, personal computers.
Materials: handouts.
Software products: Windows XP operating system, text editor Word 2007.
Work order
(Text - four chapters with headings (chapter 1, 2, 3, 4) and subheadings (in which...) in each chapter).
Format the text characters, paragraphs and pages according to the following requirements:
1. Page Options: paper – 19.5 x 27.5 cm; margins – left, right – 1.5 cm, top, bottom – 2 cm; binding margin – 1.2 cm.
2. Formatting text:
2.1. Headings chapters (chapter one, two, three, four):
– font: ARIAL, style – bold, size – 22 pt, digit – 5 pt, character scale 140%;
– paragraph: center alignment, before/after paragraph – 6 points;
2.2. Subheadings chapters (in which...):
– font: TIMES NEW ROMAN, style – italics, size – 18 pt, underlining – words only;
– paragraph: paragraph indentation on the left/right – 2 cm, alignment – in the center, line spacing – exactly 22 points, before/after the paragraph – 12 points;
2.3. Basic text:
– font: TIMES NEW ROMAN, size – 14 pt.
– paragraph: first line – indent by 1.8 cm, line spacing – 18 points, alignment – width, before/after paragraph – 4 points;
3. The first paragraph of each chapter: drop cap – 3 lines high, font – ARIAL, distance to text – 0.4 cm.
4. The title of each chapter is on new page; framing pages with a frame.
5. Place page numbering (bottom center) and hyphens.
6. Check spelling.
7. Header: on even-numbered pages – “Task by WORD”; on odd numbers - your Surname and I.O.
8. Divide the last chapter into two columns with a separator (no title or subtitle; do not include a drop cap).
9. Insert 2 footnotes into the text - Yalo - the name Olya is backwards, Gurd - friend is the opposite.
Report form
The results of laboratory work are compiled electronically in accordance with the assignment.
Order of protection
The defense of laboratory work results is carried out orally, followed by the assignment of a set number of points in the point-rating assessment system.
LABORATORY WORK No. 4
Computer objects Questions and assignments, Informatics 6th grade Bosova Questions and assignments, Informatics 6th grade Bosova answers to questions, Informatics 6th grade Bosova GDZ, Informatics 6th grade Bosova answersTask 1
What is a file?
Solution
A file is an area on a storage device of some kind that contains logically combined information and is named by a specific name.
Task 2
What parts does a file name consist of?
Solution
The file name consists of two parts separated by a dot:
a) name - to the point;
b) expansion - after.
Task 3
What rules should you follow when writing a file name?
Solution
It is better to name the file in Latin letters, using no more than 9 characters.
Task 4
Describe the disk file storage system.
Solution
Each disk is divided into two areas - a file storage area and a directory. The directory contains the name of the file and an indication of where it begins on disk. If we draw an analogy between a disk and a book, then the file storage area corresponds to its contents, and the directory corresponds to the table of contents. Moreover, a book consists of pages, and a disk consists of sectors.
Task 5
What actions can you perform with files?
Solution
The file can be: opened, scanned for viruses, renamed, copied, sent by mail, deleted.
Task 6
What actions should I avoid when working with files?
Solution
1) delete the file without clearly determining whether this should be done;
2) give the file a name that does not explain its contents;
3) save the file in a folder where it will be difficult to find later;
4) delete or move files located in application program folders - this may cause the programs to stop working.
Task 7
Name the properties of the operating system object "Desktop".
Solution
1) icons and shortcuts of Windows objects;
2) windows open applications;
3) the taskbar containing the "Start" button, the display panel and a number of desktop toolbars;
4) the Desktop background, containing a uniform background, background image or active elements of the Desktop. As you work, there may be additional objects on the Desktop: folder windows, dialog boxes, application windows, etc.
Task 8
One of the actions in the context menu of an operating system object is always highlighted in bold. What action is this? Why was it chosen? How can I perform this action without a context menu?
Solution
In the context menu of an operating system object, the Open action is always highlighted in bold. This action was selected because the system considers this action to be the most likely to be performed on this object. This action without a context menu can be performed by clicking the left mouse button.
Task 9
As you know, actions on the main objects of the operating system can be performed in several ways: using menu commands; using toolbar buttons that duplicate menu commands; using context menu commands; using Drag&Drop technology. Why do you think so many methods are needed? Why didn't the developers give preference to one of them?
Solution
In Windows, for the convenience of users, a huge number of functions have been created, often interchanging each other. One person, for example, will select the context menu to control an object, another will select the menu bar. Every person has a habit; someone who is used to acting in one way will consider that another way is inconvenient and is not needed at all.
Task 10
What's happened
Progress of the lesson
1. Organizational point: greeting, checking attendance and readiness for class
2. Statement of the topic, purpose of the lesson, evaluation criteria
Updating knowledge (repetition of learned material)
Currently, all operating systems for personal computers provide user interaction using GUI.
This allows even a novice computer user to work confidently in the operating system environment (perform file operations, run programs, and so on).
Explanation of new material
GUIallows human interaction with a computer in the form of a dialogue using windows, menus and controls (dialogue panels, buttons, etc.).
The Windows operating system has a fairly convenient graphical interface, built on the following basic elements:
Desk
Taskbar
Windows
4.Dialog components (menus, toolbars, buttons, ...)
Pictograms and labels
Desktop (PC)- initial state of the MS Windows dialog environment. The PC opens on the screen after starting MS Windows. On the “surface” of the PC there are shortcuts to the most frequently used applications, documents, folders, and devices.
Files and file system
All programs and data are stored in the long-term (external) memory of the computer in the form of files.
File- this is a certain amount of information (program or data) that has a name and is stored in long-term (external) memory.
File name. The file name consists of two parts, separated by a dot: the actual file name and the extension that determines its type (program, data, and so on). The actual name of the file is given by the user, and the file type is usually set automatically by the program when it is created (Table 4.2).
Different operating systems have different filename formats. IN operating system MS-DOS the actual file name must contain no more than 8 letters of the Latin alphabet, numbers and some special characters, and the extension consists of three Latin letters, for example: proba.txt
In the operating room Windows system The file name can be up to 255 characters long, and you can use the Russian alphabet, for example: Information units.doc
File system. Each storage medium (floppy, hard or laser disk) can store a large number of files. The order in which files are stored on disk is determined by the file system used.
Each disk is divided into two areas: a file storage area and a directory. The directory contains the name of the file and an indication of where it begins on disk. If we draw an analogy between a disk and a book, then the file storage area corresponds to its contents, and the directory corresponds to the table of contents. Moreover, a book consists of pages, and a disk consists of sectors.
For disks with a small number of files (up to several dozen) can be used single-level file system, when the directory (disk table of contents) is a linear sequence of file names (Table 4.3). Such a catalog can be compared to the table of contents of a children's book, which contains only the titles of individual stories.
If hundreds and thousands of files are stored on the disk, then for ease of searching, use multi-level hierarchical file system, which has a tree structure. Such a hierarchical system can be compared, for example, with the table of contents of a given textbook, which is a hierarchical system of sections, chapters, paragraphs and points.
The initial, root directory contains subdirectories of the 1st level, in turn, each of the latter can contain subdirectories of the 2nd level, and so on. It should be noted that files can be stored in directories of all levels.
For example, the root directory may contain two 1st level subdirectories (Directory_1, Directory_2) and one file (File_1). In turn, in the 1st level directory (Directory_1) there are two subdirectories of the second level (Directory_1.1 and Directory_1.2) and one file (File_1.1) - fig. 4.21.
File systemis a system for storing files and organizing directories.
Basic operations with files.
While working on a computer, the following operations are most often performed on files:
- copying (a copy of the file is placed in another directory);
- moving (the file itself is moved to another directory);
- deletion (the file entry is deleted from the directory);
- renaming (file name changes).
Graphic Windows interface allows you to perform operations on files using the mouse using the Drag&Drop method (drag and drop). There are also specialized applications for working with files, the so-called file managers : Norton Commander, Windows Commander, Explorer, etc.
In some cases it becomes necessary to work with the interface command line. Windows provides a mode for working with the MS-DOS command line interface.
Summing up the lesson
6. Reflection:
What did you remember from the lesson?
What did you like?
What were the difficulties?
7. Homework: records.
When solving problems on a computer, the user has to perform some actions related to maintaining folders and files: creating folders and files, copying, moving, deleting them. Actions for maintaining folders and files can be carried out using Conductor or using Folder windows.
Creating a folder: to create a folder nested within another folder, you need to open the "parent" folder using Conductor or Folder window. Next, you can use either the menu item ( File), or the context menu, then run the command New→Folder→Type folder name→ press a key Enter.
Copying/moving folders and files:
files and folders can be copied/moved from disk and/or from folder to folder. When moving, the folder/file is “deleted” from its original location, when copying, a copy is created, and everything original remains in the same place.
Ways to perform these operations:
-two step process using clipboard, drag and drop with mouse button. When moving a folder/file, you can use Conductor or Folder Window.
Renaming a folder/file: to rename an object, you need to select it and apply the command Rename from the menu File or context menu. Then enter a new name or correct the old one.
Deleting folders/files: Basket- this is special system folder, which contains deleted folders and files. Folders and files are stored in the Recycle Bin until they are deleted from Baskets or Basket will not be completely cleared. To delete a folder/file, you need to select them and then use the command Delete from the menu File or context menu, or press the key Delete. The system will ask for confirmation to delete the selected objects. Deleted files can also be recovered using the Recycle Bin, but for a long time deleted files may be removed from the Cart automatically, since its size is limited.
Label is a file containing a pointer (link) to some object in the resource tree: another file, folder or printer. A shortcut provides direct access to an object, for example, from the desktop.
Clipboard- this is a special area RAM, maintained by the system, is designed to transfer data between applications (fragments of text, graphics, etc.). The clipboard attempts to maintain format compatibility, at least when transferring a portion of a document between related applications. To transfer data via the clipboard, you need to copy the selected fragment of the document to the clipboard, then go to another application, place the cursor at the insertion location and paste the fragment from the clipboard.
18) Maintenance external devices memory using OS utilities.
19) Basic interface controls Windows user. Object-oriented approach to organizing the interface.
Interface element- a graphical user interface primitive that has a standard appearance and performs standard actions.
Typical interface elements :
Button
Radio button
Check box
Icon (icon)
List box
Tree - hierarchical list (tree view)
Drop-down list (combo box, drop-down list)
Edit field (textbox, edit field)
Element for displaying tabular data (grid view)
Menu
Main menu of the window (main menu)
Context menu(popup menu)
Pull down menu
Window
Panel
Dialog box
Modal window
Tab
Toolbar
Scrollbar
Slider
Status bar
Tooltip, hint
Meet and other controls , which may not be included in some sets:
Radial menu - a ring menu around the cursor. A menu item is selected by moving the cursor in the direction of the menu item.
Sequential selection button - an element in which a value is selected by successively clicking the mouse on it. Unlike a drop-down list, this button does not allow you to see values other than the selected one.
Counter is a bidirectional option for numeric values. Pressing the button allows you to change the parameter value by one up or down.
Heads-up display - displays the values of some parameters or important messages on top of all elements.
A bubble is a clue, like a phylactery in comics, that points to the element that is the source of the message.
The knob is a rotating control element, similar to the tuning knob on many radios. It can be either single or multi-turn.
A hidden widget is an element that allows you to hide some of the controls when they are not in use.
Object-oriented, or object, programming(hereinafter OOP) is a programming paradigm in which the main concepts are the concepts of objects and classes. In the case of prototyping languages, prototype objects are used instead of classes.
Basic concepts:
- Abstraction- this is a way to highlight a set of significant characteristics of an object, excluding insignificant ones from consideration. Accordingly, abstraction is a set of all such characteristics.
- Encapsulation is a system property that allows you to combine data and methods that work with them in a class and hide implementation details from the user.
- Inheritance- this is a property of the system that allows you to describe a new class based on an existing one with partially or completely borrowed functionality.
- Polymorphism- this is the property of the system to use objects with the same interface without information about the type and internal structure of the object.
- Prototype- this is a sample object, in the image and likeness of which other objects are created.
At the center of OOP is the concept of object. An object is an entity to which messages can be sent and which can respond to them using its data. The object's data is hidden from the rest of the program. Hiding data is called encapsulation.
The presence of encapsulation is sufficient for the objectivity of a programming language, but does not yet mean that it is object-oriented - this requires the presence of inheritance.
But even the presence of encapsulation and inheritance does not make a programming language fully object-based from an OOP point of view. The main advantages of OOP only appear when polymorphism is implemented in the programming language; that is, the possibility of objects with the same specification having different implementations.
Self language, observing many starting points object-oriented programming, introduced the concept of a prototype as an alternative to classes, laying the foundation for prototype programming, which is considered a subtype of object programming.
20) Setting up the user interface. Setting up the Main Menu and Desktop.
Customizing the User Interface: Windows supports three types user interface: Web-like, classical And mixed. The interface is configured as follows: Start→Settings→Folder Options→Tab General→Type selection. If type is selected Mixed, then you need to press the button Tune and set the value of the settings. The following describes the working methods adopted in the classic interface.
Main Menu Settings: Windows allows you to add new items to the Main Menu, but only at the top of the main menu or submenu Programs. Method for adding an item: select the file and drag it with the right mouse button onto the button Start. The system will automatically create a shortcut for it, which will be located at the top Main menu. Any item can be moved, deleted and renamed. Main menu is a folder that you can work with like a regular folder using Explorer.
Desktop setup: Windows allows the user to change the wallpaper and background pattern Desktop, a screensaver that appears when the computer is not accessed for some time, and the duration of this period, as well as the design of individual elements, for example, a window: color, font, etc. The procedure for performing this type of work is as follows: Start→Settings→Control Panel→Display. In the dialog box that appears, open the appropriate tabs and set the desired values of the controls.
21. Text editors as a means of preparing legal documents: basic and additional features and functions (MS Word).
Various text editors, such as MSWord, are used to prepare, create, edit, view and display various documents, including legal ones.
MS Word Features:
Create professional-looking documents that contain expressive elements such as graphs and diagrams;
Give documents a consistent appearance by applying styles and themes that affect font, size, color, text effects, and page backgrounds;
Save and reuse ready-made content and formatted elements such as title pages and frames;
Create personalized messages email and letters to several recipients without typing the same text several times;
Make information in long documents understandable by creating tables of contents, indexes, and bibliographies;
Protect documents by maintaining control over who can make what changes to documents, removing personal information and applying digital signature
22. Structure of a text document, main elements, their purpose. The concept of a paragraph, types, design rules.
1. The main structural elements of a document are a character, a word, a paragraph, a page, and a section.
Symbol determined primarily by the type of font, size and style. In MS Word, 256 different characters can be used.
Word is a set of characters between two spaces.
Page characterized by the size of the paper sheet and text placement parameters: margins, header and footer indents, vertical alignment methods, text orientation. Typing text in Word is carried out in automated page layout mode. The line size depends on the paragraph settings and character format.
Chapter- this is an area of a document that is characterized by a specific printed page format; type and content of footers; method of page numbering; type of footnotes in the text, etc. The number of sections in the document is not limited.
2. Paragraph- this is a document field that can be typed without pressing the Enter key. IN word processor Word text is a sequence of paragraphs separated by a special “end of paragraph” character, which is entered by pressing the Enter key. The paragraph is the main structural element of the text, because carries a complete thought.
Paragraph styling: A paragraph has certain parameters that are already set when creating a new document, but you can change them if necessary. You can change parameters either for one paragraph or for several at once (they should be highlighted with the cursor).
The parameters are: line spacing, alignment on the page, spacing before and after paragraphs, first line indentation, left and right indentations, tabulation, etc.
Paragraphs include the body paragraph, headings, table of contents, lists, etc.
23. The main stages of preparing a text document.
The main stages of document preparation are: text entry, editing and formatting.
1. Entering text can be done by typing it from the keyboard and inserting various text fragments from other documents into the document.
2. Once the text is entered, it undergoes various changes. Editing a document in Word is carried out using menu commands or pressing keys on the PC keyboard.
Editing operations (delete, insert, move) are performed on:
· Symbols
· By lines
· Fragments
Characters are entered from the keyboard (in insert or replace mode), and the Backspace or Delete keys are used to delete characters.
Editing operations for lines are: deleting a line, splitting one line into two, merging two lines into one, inserting an empty line.
Editing operations (copy, move and delete) for fragments. A fragment is a continuous piece of text. To delete, copy, or move a fragment, you need to select it.
3. Formatting a document is changing it appearance. WORD provides document formatting at five different levels:
· at the character level (changing the typeface, style, size and color of the font, letter spacing in words, animations, etc.)
· at the paragraph level (alignment to the left, right, center and width; indentation on the right and left; indentation of the first line; indentation before and after the paragraph; line spacing, pagination control, etc.)
· at the page level (page settings, page orientation, frame, headers and footers of the first page, even and odd pages, etc.)
· at the section level (forming sections from the next page or on the current page, splitting text into columns, etc.)
· at the document level (page numbers, table of contents, etc.).
24. Rules for entering text. Text entry automation tools (MS Word).
Typing is carried out by pressing keys on the PC keyboard, while the next character is displayed on the screen at the cursor position, and the cursor moves one position to the right. Spaces that a text editor automatically inserts to align lines are called “soft” spaces.
“Hard” spaces are added to the text when you press the Space key on your PC keyboard. A sign of separation of a word from a word is a “Hard” space, so you must set one “Hard” space between words. A punctuation mark does not need to be separated by a space from the preceding word, and a space must be entered after a punctuation mark. A “hard” line terminator is created by pressing the Enter key to indicate the end of a paragraph.
