Practice shows that quite often everything home-made, if done well, works better than the mass-produced one. This is due to the fact that manual assembly, unlike mass assembly, is performed most carefully. In addition, you can assemble with your own hands something that is not commercially available at all. One such problem is how to make a radar. There are anti-radars and radar detectors on sale, but it is almost impossible to buy a radar itself, such as the one used by the traffic police. This special equipment does not go on sale and is therefore virtually unavailable, regardless of its price. Although if it were on sale, then it would be the price of modern electronic systems designed to control the speed of cars by the traffic police that would become the main obstacle to its acquisition.
When considering how to include a radar among your DIY electronic devices, you must first of all understand where to get the components to assemble this rather complex device. The components include a good digital video camera and a device for laser measurement of the speed of moving objects, which can be purchased in specialized stores for aircraft modeling enthusiasts. In addition, connecting cords will be needed that will allow the readings of the laser speedometer and the image from the video camera to be transferred to the computer, and then record these readings along with the image of the moving car. You will also need a body problem solver, how to install a radar consisting of two separate named electronic devices, so that both the camera and the laser speed meter “look” at the same object.
A laser speed meter works on the principle of recording the time after which a laser beam, pulsed by the device, reflected from the surface of a moving object, returns to the device. Such fixation when measuring speed is carried out up to 10 times, after which the device displays on its display the result of measuring the speed of the object at which it was pointed. In fact, this is a radar, and the camera is needed only to reliably record the results. The only question that remains is how to connect the radar to the computer. For this you need USB cable, since this device has standard settings for transmitting information to a computer. In the same way, through another USB port The video camera is connected to the computer using the second cable.
The camera and device are placed together in a housing that rigidly fixes them and allows both devices to “look” at the same moving object. All devices turn on simultaneously, then the image received from the camera in online mode remains in the lower open window, and overlaid on top of it in another smaller window is the image obtained from the laser speed meter. The program is installed on the computer Camtasia Studio, which allows you to record everything that happens on the monitor, this program is configured according to the instructions supplied with it and is launched in recording mode. As a result, it becomes clear how to use the radar: having turned everything on, you should point the body with the camera and meter at a moving object, and then record combined images of the moving object and speed readings from the computer monitor.
Having the skills to work with microcontrollers, you can make a radar yourself using microcircuits, a set of wires, an infrared sensor and other devices. It is also necessary to have a diagram for further assembly.
You will need
- - skills in working with radio equipment and microcontrollers.
Instructions
Didn't know how to set up or optimize the radar in CS GO? In this topic we will take a look at the radar settings in CS Global Offensive. What is needed to configure the radar? Everything is done very simply, you don’t need to download any additional software, all you need is:
Turning on the console
If you have problems opening the console, follow these instructions:
- Launch CS:GO;
- Settings → Game Settings;
- Enable Developer Console → Yes;
- Settings → Keyboard/Mouse;
- Scroll to the very bottom and you will see "Open Console" is turned on " ` " - you can set any key of your own.
Now you can start setting up!
Radar setup
The first thing I would advise you to do is create a game with bots so that they can’t kill you and set up the radar directly in the game. Let's start:
Enable/disable radar
To turn on radar must be entered in the console command drawradar;
In order to hide radar is used by the console command hideradar;
cl_hud_radar_scale
This command is responsible for the size of the radar on your screen.
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| cl_hud_radar_scale "0.8" | cl_hud_radar_scale "1.3" |
| Minimum: "0.8" // Maximum: "1.3" | |
cl_radar_always_centered
The player is always on the radar. At first glance, it may seem that there is not much difference, but the advantage is obvious - when you are in the corner of the map, it is available to you greater overview terrain on the radar than if you were in the center of the radar.
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| cl_radar_always_centered "0" | cl_radar_always_centered "1" |
| There are two variables available for selection, either 0 or 1 | |
cl_radar_icon_scale_min
This command resizes the various icons on your radar.
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| cl_radar_icon_scale_min "0.4" | cl_radar_icon_scale_min "1.0" |
| Minimum: "0.4" // Maximum: "1.0" | |
cl_radar_rotate
Enable or disable radar rotation. Those. If disabled, the map on the radar will always be in the same position.
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| cl_radar_rotate "0" | cl_radar_rotate "1" |
| Can be set to either 0 or 1 | |
cl_radar_scale
Change the scale of the map displayed on the radar.
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| cl_radar_scale "0.25" | cl_radar_scale "1.0" |
| Minimum: "0.25" // Maximum: "1.0" | |
cl_hud_bomb_under_radar
This command enables and also disables the display of the bomb icon when you are carrying one, or when you do not have one.
Dynamically resizing the radar
There are cases in which the scale of the map on the radar needs to be increased or, conversely, decreased. This can be done using the bind below:
Bind "KP_plus" "incrementvar cl_radar_scale 0.25 1.0 0.05";//increase the radar size bind "KP_minus" "incrementvar cl_radar_scale 0.25 1.0 -0.05"; //reduce radar size
This bind allows you to click on a button + or - dynamically change radar size when pressed. The buttons can be anything you want.
Standard Radar Settings
cl_hud_radar_scale "1"; cl_radar_always_centered "1"; cl_radar_icon_scale_min "0.6"; cl_radar_rotate "1"; cl_radar_scale "0.7"; cl_hud_bomb_under_radar "1";The idea of creating some kind of radar for determining distance came to one of my students. We continued its development and decided to introduce it into the course program as one of the projects.
After a couple of weeks of preparation, we finally decided how to start it and what might be needed for this. The project didn't have to be very advanced; We set the difficulty level to medium. Below is an example of using a personal narrow range radar. He was supposed to look a little funny, so you can laugh!
Description and purpose of the project
The goal of the project was to create a functioning radar. The system only needs to measure distance at an angle of 90 degrees, as shown in the example above. Depending on the selected sensor, the system operates within the range of 4-30 cm, 20-150 cm and 1-5.5 m.
The results of the project will influence subsequent developments in which we attempt to integrate radar for the navigation of mobile robots in natural environments.
Electronic parts
- Voltage stabilizer LM7805 5V
- Microcontroller PIC18F452
- IR Sensor GP2D120
- Quartz resonator at 4 or 8 MHz
- Switch
- Capacitor
- 30-pin connector
- 5 triggers 74LS373
- Development board
- Solder
- 36 indicators
- Wire 30 AWG
- Wire Tools
- Soldering iron
Detailed list of spare parts
You may or may not know everything about the parts above, so to help you understand them, a picture of each part has been included. Three new objects have appeared that were not previously specified in the project: a servo system and IR sensors. A description of the IR sensors will appear soon; as for 74HCT373 - below will be presented brief overview. You can always check the chip specifications by simply searching for “74HCT373.”
An eight-bit chip containing a three-stable trigger. Simply put, this chip is capable of storing 8 bits of digital logic and holding it in memory until it is erased or modified via the LE-Latch Enable pin.
Operating principles
- Control pins LE and OE
- 8 Data input D0-D7
- 8 Data output D0-D7
Power (Vcc & GND.)
Output activation (OE) allows Q0-Q7 to output data to at the moment located in D-triggers.
Enabling the flip-flop (LE) allows the data contained on D0-D7 to be overwritten into the D flip-flop.
Circuit overview
The scheme for this project is much more complex than the previous ones. Our development has 4 main advantages.
- We will be able to program images from the board being developed.
- We will control the servo system.
- We will take data from the IR distance sensor.
- We will install 36 LEV indicators to display the output of data received from the IR sensor.
Circuit characteristics
Nutrition
- Power is provided via a 9V battery connected to the LM7805 with a 1uF capacitor connected to pin/ground to ensure uninterrupted operation. DC LM7805.
- Program cycle
- Programming is accomplished by connecting two connectors from the controller to the programmer, giving the first connector on the programmer access to MCLR*/Vpp-Pin1 on the controller. For safety reasons, a rectifying diode is installed.
- IR Distance Sensor
- The IR Sensor uses one controller connector PIN 2 - RA0. The analog capabilities of this pin are used to obtain the ADC value, since only an analog signal is obtained from the IR sensor. This value tells you whether there is anything within the sensor's range.
LED indication
In total there are 40 LED indicators. Each 74HCT373 chip controls up to 8 indicators; since 40/8=5, we need 5 74HCT373 circuits to drive all 40 indicators. It should be noted in the diagram that all 5 chips use one data bus.
Theory
This development uses three main devices to create a personal radar. The IR sensor is connected to the microcontroller and then output to the indicator segment. A visual demonstration of this process is provided:
Using different sensors
An important aspect of the accuracy of the IR sensors used in this project is that they have the same voltage characteristics, so this program Compatible with all indicators. The only thing you need to know is how the sensor is used to determine the distance displayed on the indicators.
Usage
So, let's take a look at the final appearance of the device:
That's how it is appearance assembled device. Let's move on to the next section and continue assembling the device.
The plastic housing below in the picture was not mentioned in the parts list. This is a regular case that can be purchased from any electronics manufacturer or retailer. First of all, you need to drill 36 holes for the indicators in the circuit and fix the indicators in them. An adhesive was used before inserting the indicators into the holes.
After the panel is soldered, we begin connecting the circuit. Each wire must be connected through a small hole in the housing.
The picture above shows the panel at an early stage. At the beginning of connecting the wires, there is an accumulation of a huge number of them, for example, like this:
The final touch in developing a personal radar is the ability to use it online. Wires 2-4 meters long are used when connecting the servo system and IR sensor. We make a hole in the front of the case for these wires:
Having finished with the assembly, let's move on to the software part of the development. This is, of course, a more subtle part of development than even laying wires.
The software for this device includes three main parts:
- Servo Control
- LED indication control
- input A/D/
Because everything software this project will not fit on one page, it will explain what the parts are and how they work.
Servo Control
The servo system is controlled by timers and interrupts. With two separate interrupts triggered simultaneously to create the desired sound, a 50 GHz signal is generated and the servo pointer moves in small steps to adjust the squeaking sound.
Adjustment of LED indication.
The indicators are controlled by 74LS373/74HCT373 triggers. The system constantly updates the trigger data displayed on the indicators.
A/D Input
The IR sensor provides analog output. A converter is used to determine the voltage value, indicating that the object has moved beyond the range of the IR sensor.
The assembly and configuration of the device is completed - you need to test it. Depending on the sensor you use, the indication will be different. Sensors to choose from: GP2D120, GP2Y0A21YK and GP2Y0A700K0F.
Data and Observations
The first radar test will be a close range test. Tin cans were used as obstacles.
In the second video (on the first page) indicators of 20 cm - 150 cm and 1 m - 5.5 m are tested, allowing you to overcome more serious obstacles. Take a look to see what we're talking about.
Two videos will demonstrate the operation of the sensor, however, if you assemble it yourself, there may be some minor difficulties that will be described in the conclusion.
ABOUT personal radar overview
Assembling and setting up this device takes a little time. This is a project that you can do in a day, and it already has a niche application, but as time goes on, additional challenges will arise. IR sensors may become unreliable and output results may be poor due to environmental influences.
Actions to take
To increase the sensor's coverage radius, it is planned to use ultrasonic sensors, equivalent to the “sound sensors” described above, transmitting data about the distance from you to the object. Ultrasound has a wider range than infrared radiation and is more reliable in harsh environments.
Conclusion
The project was a fascinating study of IR sensors. It demonstrates that the results can actually be obtained and used. Many further projects can be developed based on this.
RADAR ANTI-RADAR CIRCUIT
Probably every driver has at least once thought about gettingradar detector, especially after another traffic police racket on the road. Let's get to work! But let's be clear right away:radar detector is a suppressive devicepolice radar, and assembling it is a very difficult task. Here we will look at more simple diagram radar detector - the so-calledradar - a detector that signals an inspector scanning your car.
To measure the speed of a car, the traffic police radar receives radiation reflected from the car, and the radar detector receives direct radiation, so the radar detector is always able to detect the radar earlier in time than it measures the speed of the car! So, if a traffic cop scans from his radar 500 m from the car, this is the range of the Visir device, then before the car approaches a visible distance of 100 m, you have the opportunity to slow down.
This radar detector circuit quite common on the Internet, and although I personally did not assemble it, I had to repair such a homemade device. There the microwave diode-detector stood in a small funnel made of tin and the entire structure fit into a housing soldered from foil PCB, the size of a pack of cigarettes. During microwave irradiation it blinked and beeped. Here is another version of the radar detector circuit from the magazine Radio:
All radars used by the traffic police operate with frequencies of 10525 MHz, 24150 MHz and 34700 MHz. These radar detectors are capable of detecting them all.
Settings radar detector circuitscan be performed while standing close to the person with the radar;
Or, so as not to light up, near a stationary radar camera:
Sometimes they are placed a couple of kilometers in front of the traffic police post:
Recently, the authorities have adopted: The VIZIR radar video recording speed meter, consists of two independent units - a speed meter and a digital photo and video camera. The camera turns on both automatically when a driving car exceeds a pre-set speed limit, and manually - by a traffic inspector. Outdoor surveillance cameras with built-in radar. The device operates constantly, and if the speed is exceeded, a sensor is activated that activates the camera.
