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Hello, dear readers and guests of the Electrician's Notes website.

In my previous publications, I introduced you to touchscreens, controlled both manually and from the control panel.

But today I would like to draw your attention to the Sonoff relay (switch) Basic version with the ability to control directly from mobile phone through Wi-Fi network or Internet.

The Sonoff Basic relay is a small device (88x38x23 mm), which can be easily placed behind the ceiling space, in a building niche, or in the bowl of a chandelier or lamp.

Its cost at the time of publication of the article is slightly less than 300 rubles. As you understand, this is quite reasonable money, and for such a modern device. I purchased it on the well-known AliExpress trading platform (the link will be at the end of the article).

The kit included two protective covers with mounting screws, but, unfortunately, there were no instructions.

The Sonoff relay has the following technical specifications, some of which are displayed directly on its body:

• maximum controlled load current 10 (A)
• supply voltage from 90 (V) to 250 (V)
• standard wireless communication 802.11 b/g/n
• security protocol WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK
• operating temperature from 0°С to 40°С
• weight about 50 g

Sonoff Basic relay capabilities:

• load management via Wi-Fi
• Internet load management
• load control according to a given timer, both with direct and countdown
• load management from multiple mobile phones

These are the capabilities of the Sonoff relay. It can be safely used in smart home systems and for other various needs and requirements.

First, I will tell you how to connect Sonoff, and then we will check all its declared control methods in practice.

So, let's go.

Installation and connection of Sonoff relay

For the Sonoff relay to operate, it needs a supply voltage of 220 (V), which means it can be installed without problems in a place convenient for you, for example, in the bowl of a chandelier or directly under a suspended ceiling, as well as directly in the junction box if there is enough space there.

To attach the relay to the surface, it has two mounting holes.

The connection diagram for the Sonoff relay is very simple.

The phase and zero of the 220 (V) supply voltage are connected to the terminals (L) and (N) on the (Input) side, respectively. Naturally, when connecting, do not forget about .

Please note that the connected conductors must have a cross-section of no more than 1.5 sq. mm. But I still tried to connect wires with a cross-section of 2.5 sq. mm. As a result, a rigid (single-wire) wire can still be connected without problems, but a flexible (multi-wire) wire can be inserted into the terminal with great difficulty, so it even had to be slightly flattened and deformed.

For example, I used a power cable of the PVA brand, which just has a cross-section of 2.5 sq. mm. At the other end of the cable there is a plug, which I will later connect to any socket with a voltage of 220 (V).

The load phase and zero are connected to terminals (L) and (N) on the (Output) side, respectively.

To make it easier to connect the load, I connected a socket to the relay output.

By the way, terminal covers not only have a protective function, but also act as clamps for power wires or cables.

This is how everything turns out beautifully and neatly. Sonoff relay connected.

As a load, I connected an LED lamp, described in one of my articles.

Here is a simple example of a Sonoff relay wiring diagram for a group of lamps.

By the way, it is not necessary to use only a lamp or a group of lamps as a load. You can safely connect any other load to the output terminals, not exceeding the rated current of 10 (A). And if you still need to control a load with a current value above 10 (A), then you can connect it to a contactor, and use a relay to control the coil of this contactor.

In this regard, we can add that when using a contactor, you can control at least a single-phase load, at least three-phase, at least alternating current, even direct current.

It will look something like this.

Thus, the scope of application of Sonoff relays is very wide and varied. It can control at least one light bulb, a powerful single-phase electric heater, a three-phase electric motor, etc. It all depends on your needs and requirements.

Now let’s look at all the possibilities for controlling the Sonoff relay in more detail.

I will not open the relay and look at its structure; there is already plenty of information on this matter on the Internet - look at the relevant resources on electronics. And judging by the reviews, the performance of the relay is quite decent. By the way, if anyone is interested in knowing, the relay is assembled on the basis of the famous Chinese microcontroller ESP8266.

Load management via phone via Wi-Fi network

Before I talk about controlling the relay via Wi-Fi, I will say that it can also be controlled manually. To do this, there is a small recessed black button on its body. So, when you press it briefly, the relay turns on, and when you press it again, it turns off. Moreover, for this it is not necessary that the relay be connected to the Wi-Fi network - control will also be carried out in Offline mode.

But besides this, the button also contains other functionality, which I will discuss below.

To implement the ability to control the load via Wi-Fi and the Internet, you must install it on your phone mobile application eWeLink. This application can be found for both Android and iOS devices. To make it easier to find the application, you can use the necessary QR codes on the packaging.

For devices with Android application eWeLink can be downloaded for free from Google Play and install it on your phone without any problems. The program interface supports Russian.

For iOS devices this application available on the App Store. I have not tried to download and install this application on an iPhone or iPad, so if you have tried this application on iOS devices, please post your results in the comments.

After installing the eWeLink application, you will need to immediately register by indicating your country and your email address. In this case, the phone must be connected to the Internet.

After this, a verification code will be sent to your email (valid for 30 minutes), which must be entered in the appropriate “Email code” line. On the same page you must enter a password to log into your future account (at least 8 characters).

By the way, letters reach the mail services Mail.ru and Mail.yandex.ru (Yandex mail) without problems. But as far as I know, postal service Gmail.ru (Google mail) letters with a verification code are not always received, so please take this into account.

Then you need to pair the relay and router by long-pressing (for 5 seconds) the same button on the switch body, after which the green LED on the relay will blink. Check the box for the first connection mode and click “Next”.

Now you need to select our Wi-Fi network from the list and enter its password. To avoid having to enter a password every time, you can check the “Remember password” checkbox. Click “Next”, after which the search for our device and its registration will begin (it took me no more than 2-3 minutes).

After successful pairing, the relay automatically transmits data to the Chinese cloud (Amazon AWS or Coolkit), which makes it possible to control it via the Internet. But I will return to this a little later.

As you can see, our relay is now displayed in the list of all devices (for now it is the only one in the list, but others will appear in the very near future).

When the relay is online, the green LED on its body is always lit. As soon as the LED starts blinking, it means the connection with the router or the Internet is lost. It is precisely by this indicator that it is convenient to determine whether the relay is online (Online) or not (Offline).

While I was testing this device, I didn’t notice any problems with network loss. The device is always online and responds stably to control commands.

Now you can try to turn on the relay via your phone. To do this, click on “Relay 1”. A red message immediately appeared indicating that it is necessary to update the eWeLink application, although Google Play update not displayed.

We go to the device settings (three dots in the right corner) and see that the application has a current version of 1.5.2, and more is available new version 1.5.5. Click on the “Download” icon and the application update begins. After the update, the red inscription disappears, and in the settings we can see a new one current version 1.5.5.

Remember!!! The main condition for the relay to work is the availability of Internet access.

If Internet access suddenly disappears, the green LED on the relay body will start blinking, and the application will display Offline mode on its tab, i.e. not available for management.

So, to turn on our “Relay 1”, you need to enter it and click on the round virtual button in the center of the screen. Moreover, you can control the relay from the general list of all devices by clicking on the corresponding small button (on the left). In general, whatever you like.

When the relay is in the off position, the button is white with a gray background around it. When the relay is turned on, the button changes its color to green, and the background around it becomes blue.

In addition to the banal principles of control, you can set the time for turning the relay on or off using a timer by setting the appropriate date and time for its control.

Moreover, what was surprising was that the relay operates according to a given timer even when it is offline, which means everything preset programs timers are stored directly in the relay memory.

Click on the “Add timer” button and go to the timers settings page. Each timer is configured to either turn the relay on or turn it off. There are two options for setting the timer:

• one-time (one-time triggering on a given date and time)
• repeated (periodic triggering on a given date and time, including indicating specific days of the week)

In addition to the countdown timer, there is a countdown timer. Very necessary functionality for certain purposes. It is configured similarly to a direct timer, only with the possibility of a single operation.

In addition to the forward and reverse timers, there is a cyclic timer in the “Settings” tab (three dots in the right corner).

In this tab you can configure various options for relay operation cycles. I won’t talk about this in detail, because... Everything here is simple and intuitive.

The total number of configured timers, including the cyclic timer, can be no more than 8. And be careful, because when different timers overlap each other, none of them may work!!!

Also in the settings you can specify in what position the relay will remain if the 220 (V) power supply is suddenly turned off. There are three options here. By checking the appropriate boxes, you can choose that when the 220 (V) power supply reappears, the relay can either turn on, turn off, or remain in its original state.

By the way, this is a very convenient feature. Just remember the nuance that, when the 220 (V) power disappears and reappears, for some reason it always turns on, even when it is in the original state off. Imagine that you are not at home, the voltage in the network “blinked” a little and the controller independently turned on the chandelier. Such an incident will not happen here, because... in this case, everything can be customized to suit your needs.

In addition to the above, all your connected devices in the eWeLink application can be grouped together and combined in various scenarios.

Is it possible to control the relay from several phones at once?

Can! Naturally, in this case, you need to install the eWeLink application on each phone.

There are two options here. The first option is to log into the eWeLink application with the same name and password from different phones and control the relay.

The truth is, if you log into the application on one phone, and then at the same time log into the application using the same username and password, but on another phone, then an error will occur on the first phone and the application will automatically exit. In this case, the second phone remains in the application and can be used to control devices.

At the same time, I would like to note that when controlling a relay from one phone, its status is displayed almost instantly on all phones that are connected to it.

Load management via the Internet

In addition to controlling the relay via your phone via a Wi-Fi network, it can also be controlled via the Internet from anywhere in your location, i.e. absolutely from anywhere in the world where there is Internet access.

So, to control the switch via the Internet, you need to log into the same eWeLink application using your name and password that you specified during registration. And then everything is by analogy. It’s the same application, the same settings, the same control buttons, etc., the only difference is that you are not at home within the coverage area of ​​your Wi-Fi network, but at a distance of hundreds and thousands of kilometers from home.

A little about the cloud.

But still, you will not be able to control the relay without the Internet, because... control does not go through local network, and via the Internet, i.e. the same Chinese cloud that I mentioned above. And it doesn’t matter whether control is via Wi-Fi or the Internet, control access is always via the cloud, and to access the cloud you need Internet access.

In this regard, various craftsmen have already figured out how to untie this device from the Chinese cloud or make control only through local home network. For those interested, then this information can be found on certain resources.

By the way, if you need a similar device, but with an additional radio control function from the remote control, then you can order a Sonoff relay of the RF version.

If you want to control the load where there is no Internet network at all, then you can use the Sonoff version G1 relay (GSM/GPRS with SIM card support). This manufacturer also has relays with temperature and humidity sensors Sonoff TN10/TN16 and two-channel (for controlling two independent loads) relays Sonoff Dual.

In general, the manufacturer Sonoff has many different devices, I will tell you about some of the most interesting and significant ones on the pages of my website, so subscribe to the newsletter so as not to miss interesting releases.

You can buy a Sonoff relay here:

1. Sonoff Basic: https://goo.gl/jXyNm3
2. Sonoff RF (with radio control): https://goo.gl/TRPqN6
3. Sonoff G1(GSM/GPRS with SIM card support): https://goo.gl/EkpTdp
4. Sonoff TN10/TN16 (temperature and humidity sensor): https://goo.gl/MWAL5p
5. Sonoff Dual (two-channel): https://goo.gl/a7rV56

And by tradition, a video based on the article, where you can more clearly see the configuration and control of the Sonoff relay:

Managing a router involves configuring the device. The router is quite complex network equipment with enormous functionality, and depending on the operating conditions, one or another control is required.

Setting up a router requires certain knowledge; moreover, before starting the setup, you need to connect it to your computer and go into the same settings.

If you do not take into account “exotic” methods (for example, through a telnet terminal), then there are only two main configuration methods:

1. Or through a special assistant program;
2. Or through the built-in web interface of the router.

The first method is more convenient for inexperienced users, since it is designed for almost automatic configuration with minimal human intervention, while the second method provides finer tuning.

Let's start by connecting to a computer.

Connecting the router to the computer

Any router is equipped with a LAN interface (port) designed for a wired connection to a computer. Also, any computer has an Ethernet port for the same purposes. We take the patch court network cable that usually comes with the router, and connect the router to the computer through these ports.

Preparing the router for settings

You can also establish a connection via a Wi-Fi wireless network, but not all routers and computers have Wi-Fi modules, moreover, the wireless network is less reliable and the connection may be interrupted at the most inopportune moment.

Front panel of the router

After turning on the router, you need to pay attention to its indicator lights, usually located on the front panel. Firstly, to make sure that the router is working (in case the power supply is burned out), secondly, to make sure that the firmware is completely loaded into it RAM and the router is ready to go.

Front panel of the router

Further actions depend on how you intend to configure the router - using the assistant software, or yourself through the web interface.

Let's look at the first option first.

Configuration with specialized software

Helper programs are located on CDs that come with the router. Also, if you have Internet access, you can download it from the manufacturer’s official website.

It should be immediately noted that not all manufacturers develop such programs!

After installing the program, launch it using the shortcut that appears on the desktop. As a rule, the first window that opens is a welcome window with the manufacturer’s logo, in which you need to start setting up the router.

The initial window of the customizer program

Further steps depend on the manufacturer, but it all comes down to choosing a provider, entering the necessary passwords and logins specified in the agreement with the provider. In the remaining steps, simply read the messages displayed and agree to them by clicking “Next” or “Ok”.

Configuration via web interface

But it is much preferable, and more professional, to configure via the router’s web interface. But to enter the settings menu in this way, user authorization will first be required, since the router simply will not allow unauthorized guests into its settings.

Label under the bottom of the router

The IP address of the router is also found there.

User authorization

So, we connected the router to the computer with a patch cord and turned it on. Next, open Internet Explorer on your computer, in which we enter the network address of the router.

Logging into router settings

Settings menu structure

With very rare exceptions, the menu structure is the same - either on the left or at the top there is a tree of settings items. Many manufacturers also provide help and hints for the selected menu item on the right side of the window. In the center of the window, direct settings are made, that is, managing the router.

Settings menu

It is very good if the menu is in Russian. If it is initially in English, then we are looking for a line like “Language”, since the menu can be multilingual, and English is simply set by default. Let's change it to Russian.

Wi-Fi setup

That's it, all that remains is to carefully read the names of menu items and make settings. For example, we need to set up a Wi-Fi wireless network. We look at the menu names, we need “Wi-Fi”, “Wireless”, “Wireless Network” or something like that.

Let's look at an example of configuration on a router from Netgear

Setting up Wi-Fi

Go to the “Settings” menu, then select the “Wireless Network Settings” submenu. A settings window will open in which we indicate the name of our wireless network, select the channel, mode, and transmission speed. If desired, you can set a password to connect to the network, or leave the login free.

The rest of the router is configured using the same scheme, some of which can be found in the video tutorial:

Today I want to show you an interesting device with which you can control anything via the Internet using the Wi-Fi module ESP8266 (ESP-01) and the ATmega8A microcontroller.
In this combination, the module acts as a controller WiFi networks and web server, and ATmega8A acts as a power node controller, receiving a line via a simple protocol from ESP8266 and having processed it issues a command to open one or another relay through a shift register 74HC595 and transistor assembly ULN2003.

Device diagram:

By accessing the specified IP address, by default: 192.168.4.1, you can configure various modes and control lighting in an apartment or house. The device has a web interface. Firmware for ESP8266 is based on "web dumps" from the respected « PVVX". I just added a couple of handlers in the file so that when a certain line is received from the web side, a 4-byte string will be sent to the UART interface - the command identifier. There are two such commands for each control channel: turn it on and off. Also, there are two additional commands that can turn on and off all lighting channels at once.
And then, by writing a simple web page, I can easily control the lighting of the apartment.

The device works as follows:

From the web side: to put it simply, when you click on any of the buttons, a script is first called, which changes the background of the button and changes the variable value from 1 to 0 and vice versa with each click, and then the AJAX handler is called, which is processed by the program in the ESP8266 and sent to the UART code , corresponding to the AJAX command. And ATmega8A accepts and processes this line.

From the microcontroller side: a string is received, processed, and if the string matches the test string, then the necessary actions. It looks like this like this:

Void send_data() ( static char buff_data=0, rel_data=0; static char x=0; if(string_search("@1A00",rx_buffer)) // LIGHT ON kitchen ( rel_data|=0x81; printf("1CH ON\ r\n"); clear_buffer_rx(); x=0; if(demo<42000 && demo_off==0) demo++; } .................... .................... else if(string_search("@2A00",rx_buffer)) // LIGHT OFF кухня { rel_data&=~0x81; printf("1CH OFF\r\n"); clear_buffer_rx(); x=0; if(demo<42000 && demo_off==0) demo++; } relay_send(rel_data); }

This function compares the string that arrives in the UART with a string that executes certain commands. If it matches, then the action is performed.

The UART parser function is homemade, here is its code:

Char string_search(char *str1,char *str2) ( unsigned char addr=0,x=0,y=0; str1+=0; str2+=0; while(str1!=0) ( addr++; ) while(str1[y ]!=0 && str2[x]!=0) ( if(str1[y] == str2[x]) ( y++; x++; ) else ( if(y

The web page does not qualify for an award, and looks like this:

When you press any of the buttons, the lighting turns on!

The settings web pages are hidden from the main page and open when you enter links. I will indicate them below.

If desired, anyone can modify the main page by adding a button or link to it to go to the settings.

192.168.4.1/protect/wifi.htm
192.168.4.1/protect/setup.htm
192.168.4.1/protect/uart.htm
192.168.4.1/protect/upload.htm

For questions about updating the firmware, you can.

Photo of the mounted device:

Attention! Printed circuit boards were designed to be universal (for general use) and boards were used from what was already manufactured, this is all due to the reduction of development time and saving costs on the production of factory boards. Therefore, some nodes are not wired for the task of lighting control.